Nutrition And Motivational Interviewing The Health And...

Nutrition and Motivational Interviewing in Adolescence Health and Healing 1 Georgian College Harrison Klein 200321230 Although we all know what nutrition is, are we nutritious? Do we have the education and knowledge to be nutritious? A lot of people do not, and that is why this topic is relevant to society, especially adolescence. No matter what, good nutrition is essential for everyone, but it is especially important for growing teenagers. Proper nutrition promotes optimal growth and development. A poor diet can lead to many problems, and that is why it is very important to further educate proper eating habits and nutrition. Teens need to know what to eat, when to eat, and how much of it is healthy in order to maintain a healthy and balanced lifestyle. Most teenagers like to think that because they are young, they are indestructible and can eat whatever and whenever they want, without thinking about the future. Not only does eating today reflect on health in the long run, but the habits that are built today are tough to break later in life. A lot of people need help because they’re unaware o f the junk that they put into their bodies. Depression, puberty, school pressure, sex, drugs and alcohol, and heightened emotions are all part of the teen years. All of these factors play a large role in eating habits, and that is where help is needed the most. A poor diet can lead to energy imbalance (e.g., eating more calories than oneShow MoreRelatedGeneral Taking Medication Is Not My Cup Of Tea2148 Words   |  9 Pagestake it upon myself to communicate with the physician and come up with a care plan that will be patient-centered. I would ask him about his medication taking experience with his traditional healing practices just to get a little bit of background information. I would try and communicate with his traditional healing provider and together with his primary care provider, come up with care plan that makes the patient feel understood and appreciated. Based on his response, he is willing to take the medicationRead MoreLong Term Management Plan After 45min Consultation1 987 Words   |  8 Pagesappropriate therapeutic choices for best outcome of the patient health.The most difficult challenge in this patient is lack of time; How long you can wait to improve patients depression and energy level? ; Because waiting might have injurious to his health, and jeopardize survival prognosis with chemo radiation. Therefore, rapid improvement in patient’s depressive symptoms is necessary. Many naturopathic options for depression take a while to act compared to antidepressant therapy. In the past patientRead MoreCompassion Fatigue9142 Words   |  37 PagesCONCHITA BRANZUELA BERGADO CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM INTRODUCTION: Quality of life among healthcare providers will matter on the quality and safety of patient care. Today the proportion of acute patients entering the health care system through emergency departments continues to grow and the number of patients in the Intensive care unit also increasing. In emergency room department, the Emergency medical services (EMS) workers are primary providers of pre-hospitalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagescommunication. These are the times of fast foods and slow digestion; tall men and short character; steep profits and shallow relationships. These are the times of world peace but domestic warfare; more leisure but less fun; more kinds of food but less nutrition. These are the days of two incomes but more divorce, of fancier houses but broken homes. These are the days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throw-away morality, one-night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything from cheer to quietRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesAssignments General Criteria Adaptability to Cultural Change Physical and Emotional Health Age, Experience, and Education Language Training Motivation for a Foreign Assignment Spouses and Dependents or Work-Family Issues Leadership Ability Other Considerations 503 503 504 505 505 506 506 506 507 507 Economic Pressures and Trends in Expat Assignments International Human Resource Selection Procedures Testing and Interviewing Procedures The Adjustment Process 509 510 510 510 Compensation CommonRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages125 countries and more than 270,000 members. PMI professionals come from virtually every major industry, including aerospace, automotive, business management, construction, engineering, financial services, information technology, pharmaceuticals, health care, and telecommunications. PMI provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP)—someone who has documented sufficient project experience, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated mastery of the field

Customer Service Is A Quality Every Business Essay

Great customer service is a quality every business should hold high standards upon. Restaurants for example should have hosts waiting for guests to arrive at the door so they can be greeted and then seated in a timely manner. Also have servers bring silverware to the table, take correct orders and continue to take care of the diners until they leave. A business with excellent customer service will most likely get repeat business whereas poor customer service leads to losing their business. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the level of customer service given throughout the customer’s experience will affect their returning to the business. In 2015, one Friday afternoon after leaving a doctor’s appointment, my siblings and I decided to stop by IHOP on Manhattan Blvd. for a quick bite to eat. Upon entering the facility there was no one present at the host stand and we were standing there along with other customers waiting for over five minutes. Eventually one of the servers took notice of us and quickly came to seat us to a table. It was a busy afternoon and it seem that all the servers were overwhelmed, by the amount of customers they had to take care of, but nevertheless we were quickly greeted by an older lady named Samantha. She told us the special they were featuring for the day, but it was really hard to understand her since she was talking really fast. Samantha then took our drink orders and said she’ll be right back with them. As she said, our drinksShow MoreRelatedApplication Of A Business Owner1500 Words   |  6 PagesAs a business owner, one must carry a strong identity of your business with yo u all the time. Get quality Business Cards printed by a leading Melbourne printing company and introduce your brand. Take advantage of the customized cards and carry them with you all the time so that you do not miss even a single opportunity to impress the other. AM PM Printing business cards is a trusted name when it comes to Melbourne printing. Quality printed business cards If you own a business, then having theseRead MoreSample Resume : Small Business Management Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pages National Diploma in Business 5 Unit 1991 SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Produce establishment plans for small business ventures Name: Lovepreet Singh: Tutor: Mandeep Kaur Course: National Diploma Business Level 5 Student Id: A8710 Table of contents Explore and articulate business vision concepts 3 Formulate and communicate an ethical framework for business operations. 5 Identify means of fostering entrepreneurshipRead MoreCompare Contrast Paper of a Service vs Manufacturing Business1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world of business there are many different necessities. There needs to companies that special in service and others that specialize in manufacturing. While every company takes a slightly different approach to offer a product or service these approaches are necessary in order for there to be a variance and options within the business world. Capital One and DeZURIK are alike all other businesses in the sense that they both take their own unique approach in running their business in contrast toRead MoreTeam Reflection Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss Total Quality Management (TQM) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Team A will discuss how TQM and ISO can improve an organization, the benefits, and challenges of each, and the role of the Quality Control departments in relation to either TQM and ISO. Team A will start with a definition of each. TQM TQM is defined as â€Å"managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer† (Jacob ChaseRead MoreIntroduction on Beauty Salon Business864 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 21st century, beauty and make up are like the wheels of a cart or the two sides of a coin. Women are beautiful in themselves; but a little make-up does help a lot and it keeps one to make the day better and happier. Every woman wants to be pretty whether she’s young or old so the beauty salon is the place to go. Beauty salons are also like a temple; however, the difference is that we go to worship in the temple and in the beauty salon we go to be worshipped by the beauticians and by the otherRead MoreStrategic Plan Analysis1312 Words   |  6 Pagesthe course of Quality Management and Productivity MGT/449 Abstract Quicken Loans Has developed a systems of beliefs called ISMs; these ISMs are practiced by all employees in the process to provide the highest quality of service to all customers. Quicken Loans uses autocratic and paternalistic management styles to increase efficiency and effectiveness within the organization. Quicken Loans takes pride in providing high quality services to all customers by focusing on Total Quality Management. WithoutRead MoreBuying A Business And Marketer s Perspective Of Viewing1519 Words   |  7 Pages Every individual person is unique and different. How they were born and grew up in certain places truly affect their lifestyles, personalities, and even their emotions. Different demographics, ethics, and other form of a group that separate people from each other tend to have different ideas within each other. When I think about every aspect of influences that has an impact on people’s different tastes, buying habits, and their beliefs, sometimes it makes me feel so complicated. Marketers, asRead MoreTotal Quality Management Essay732 Words   |  3 PagesTotal Quality Management This is the attempt by a business to stop errors and waste from occurring at all levels within the organisation, and to try to encourage all employees to make ‘quality’ paramount within their daily activities (whether in production, marketing or personnel). There are a number of components of T.Q.M: 1) Internal relationships between workers and their superiors and subordinates are seen to be as important as the external relationships Read MoreCore Marketing And Product / Service Strategy Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesc) Core marketing and product/service strategy Core marketing strategy: The business message Han Restaurant tries to deliver to the marketplace is it is not a fast food provider, instead it is a high quality and original food loving provider which can link its cooking process with the traditional chinse culture. The company aims to promote excitement and surprises for the customers, and authenticity of food cooking. Its marketing strategy includes: Business opens 7 days from 10am to 10pm exceptRead MoreCogeco Cable Canada 1292 Words   |  6 Pagesreputation for customer service has received a positive rating. Cogeco is a success because they take pride on customer relationships. Customers are at the heart in an enterprise, and what makes Cogeco so unique is its blend of tangible and intangible goods and services that are offered for its customers. Cogeco offers a wide variety of products and services that cater to the customer’s unique needs. They offer both their commercial and residential customers, both business partners and non-business

The Path of Splitness free essay sample

The Path of Splitness Preface The Basic Elements of Human Understanding are: Experience Comparison Evaluation Perspective Putting these elements together creates a larger context of awareness which result in a better understanding. For instance: what can you understand about an orange by looking at it through a microscope? The answer is; very little. But if you plant an orange seed and wonder about it. If you care for the seedling, and study its growth closely and wonder about it. If you watch it grow into a tree and wonder about it. If you live by it, and sit under its shade and wonder about it.If you listen to the wind soughing through its branches and enjoy its beauty and wonder about it. If you pick its fruit, eat it and wonder about it. If you explore the incredible range of uses we have found for its oil, its rind, and its pulp: in medicine, cooking, woodwork, and nutrition and wonder about it†¦ The wider the context of your experiences, the more comparisons you can make between different experiences, the better you can evaluate them, the better your perspective, the better your understanding is of anything†¦ not just an orange. We will write a custom essay sample on The Path of Splitness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then you have a wide range of experiences which you can evaluate, compare, and put into perspective. Then you have a wider context of experience to put your understanding into. What is the Sense of Wonder? The Sense of Wonder blends all the Basic Elements of Understanding together. Without the Sense of Wonder: we could never gain a better, more cohesive understanding about anything. The Sense of Wonder is an expansion or contraction of awareness. Any expanding or contracting awareness creates a Sense of Wonder.When you wonder about your inner self, your inner awareness contracts or expands. When you wonder about things that are outside you, your outer awareness expands or contracts. It is your mind breathing†¦ taking everything in, absorbing it, digesting it, understanding it, and then radiating everything it understands out, or in. The Path of Splitness The Sense of Pure Wonder is a continual sense of awareness which is curious about everything, and never stops being curious. It uses all of the cognitive skills of your mind; continually asking questions, continually figuring things out, continually wondering about things, continually looking at things in new ways, continually experiencing new things, continually comparing things to each other, continually gaining a better perspective on the larger context, continually understanding things better. It is a state of mind that is in a constant, continual unending state of LearningThe first major split of Impetus splitting Formlessness into Everythingness and Nothingness is not included in the 3 major splits which caused the 3 dimensions to be formed. If you include it, then the number of Major Splits is actually 4, which is a balanced number, not 3. On this basis, the 3 major splits which created the 3 dimensions are actually the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Major Splits. The trouble is, the first major split was not completely linear, and it did not create a linear dimension, which is why I do not include it. The Path of Splitness which Impetus followed created the 3 linear Dimensions of our Universe in a natural Causal sequence. Before the 1st Linear Dimension Impetus created the 1st Dimension of Length by splitting Infinite Everythingness in one direction. By going through her in a straight line, and then around her; doing it over and over an infinite number of times. Every time Impetus went through Formlessness he created linear lines of separation inside her. It was not only the action of his penetration which created these separations; it was the result of Impetus exiting out of Formlessness which created these separations inside her. It was the result of his absence after exiting out of her which created the Separations inside her. After he came out of her she connected herself back together again.Then Impetus went around her and did it all over again until she became a Medium made up of Linear Connections and Separations. Linear Impetus, and Orbital Impetus are actually the same basic Force. Impetus went around the Infinite Totality of Formlessness, and plowed back into it in the same direction all over again. It did this over and over an infinite number of times. As it was doing this, Impetus was giving Formlessness a shape, it was shaping Formlessness into a Form; it was turning Formlessness into a single shape called a Totality. Impetus repeated this splitting over and over an infinite number of times; separating the Formlessness of Infinite Totality linearly, and then coming around to slit her apart again.After it split her Totality into a Duality of Everythingness and Nothingness, Formlessness tried to rejoin itself back into an unsplit whole. Formlessness tr

My Side Of The Mountain Essays - My Side Of The Mountain, Gone

My Side Of The Mountain George Sam Gribley is tired of living in a crowded New York City apartment with his dad,mom and 8 brothers and sisters, so he runs away looking for his Great-grandfather Gribley's land in the Catskill Mountain wilderness. The Gribley land had not been inhabited by any Gribley's for around 100 years. Sam hitched rides trying to get to the farm. Sam thought he prepared himself for this adventure by reading books in the New York City public library about how to survive on the land. No one in his family took his plans seriously though. With only a penknife, a ball of cord, forty dollars, and some flint and steel, he relied on his own ingenuity and the resources of the land to survive. Sam arrived in the Catskill's and went to the Delhi library to find information about Gribley's farm. A nice librarian found information that was very old, this helped Sam find the farm. This was the beginning of Sam's great adventure. On his great-grandfather's farm he learns how to survive. At first he struggles to make a fire, then he had trouble whittling wooden fishing hooks to catch fish, but he ended up perfecting the hooks and catching a few fish. He quickly realizes that he needs shelter; just building and staying around a campfire won't do, so he decides to set a fire inside a hemlock tree and hollow himself out a room. Here he builds himself a little hidden home in the forest. His tree home consists of a hidden door made of deerskin, a bed and a fireplace to keep him warn in winter. People come to the forest and are all around him, but they never discover him in his tree home. He struggled every day to find food, only to find that frog legs and turtle soup aren't bad food. He also ate wild onions, acorns, apples, wild strawberries, and sometimes rabbit that he manages to catch in some traps he had built. He finally spots a falcon and decides to catch one of it's babies in the hopes that he can train the falcon. The falcon can then help him catch food. The falcon he caught he name Frightful, because it was very frightening when the falcon's mother tried to attack him, to keep him from getting her baby. Sam spent many days training the falcon. After Frightful became trained she was able to catch many small animals and provide them with food. Sam also struggles with providing himself with clothing. Fortunately for him, a hunter killed a deer in the woods and Sam got to it first and hid it. Later Sam came back for it and eventually made himself a pair of pants from its hide along with eating its meat. This happened a couple of other times so that Sam was able to also make himself a shirt and a blanket from deerskin. All the while, no one realized that Sam lived in the forest. Sam eventually makes a friend he calls Bando, who turns out to be an English professor who had gone exploring in the woods. Bando stays with Sam for the summer and told him he would return at Christmas time. Sam really struggled during the winter, he prepared by storing nuts in another tree close by and then by cutting plenty of firewood And survive he does with only the animals to talk to and Frightful for companionship. Around Christmas time, his friend Bando returns. This time Bando told him that there had been stories circulating in New York City about a wild boy living alone in the forest, but no one could prove it. The stories became huge rumors, newspapermen were poking around the woods trying to find the wild boy. Sam's father realized from the newspaper that it must be Sam they were talking about, so he decided to look for Sam. He finally found Sam and ended up spending Christmas in the forest with Sam, Bando, and Frightful. After Sam's dad left to return to New York City, a newspaperman named Matt Spelling came poking around the forest looking for the wild boy. Matt was a smart guy and stumbled upon Sam, it didn't take him long to figure out that Sam was the wild boy the newspaper was referring to. Sam decided to give Matt an account of his survival in the forest for his newspaper article, this cleared up all the rumors of the wild boy theory. Not

How to Write an Argumentative Essay on Medicalization as a Social Concept

How to Write an Argumentative Essay on Medicalization as a Social Concept If you are writing an argumentative essay on medicalization as a social concept, there are steps you should follow. Research: As you begin doing research for your argumentative essay on medicalization as a social concept it is important that you have certain questions in mind. These questions should drive your research with precision and guide your overall paper. Use libraries and the internet to your advantage. Both have viable resources available. If you do use the internet be sure to double check any web address you put as a reference. After you type it into the reference page, click on the link and see if it leads to the page you want it to lead. The worst thing is to write it down incorrectly and have your grade suffer as a result. Time Management: When you sit down to work on your argumentative essay on Medicalization as a social concept, make sure you are using your time wisely. The best amount of time to set aside to work is a solid forty five minutes of time. The brain can actively focus on a single task for forty five minutes before you need a break. So if you have two or more hours to dedicate to your work it is best that you set a timer for forty five minutes and then take a five or ten minute break in between. Then return and complete the second forty five minute set. During your breaks make sure you walk around. Get up and move about. This will encourage blood flow and help your mind to be more creative. As you get up and move around make sure to observe your surroundings. Mere observation during your breaks will go a long way towards helping you to be a good writer. If you are going to an entire day set aside to work on your writing you should aim for a solid five to seven hours of writing. Do not write for more than seven hours. Remember too that every day you spend on your work should not be dedicated to writing. Mix and match research with organizing and writing. If you are unable to focus or having trouble writing creatively, then spend your time doing something else related to your paper like your bibliography. Writing: Develop a thesis that captures your response. Your thesis is a statement which expresses your response to the question at hand, or the argument you are going to make about Medicalization as a social concept. It should express the complexities behind your topic. It forms the foundation of the paper. It needs to be stated clearly in your introduction, and then referred to multiple times throughout the body of your text. When you are done writing the body of your text and have crafted every argument it is time to write the conclusion. Many students simply repeat the content they have in their introduction. Unfortunately this is not adequate. Your conclusion should put your arguments or research into context. It should show the role it plays in the big picture and encourage the reader to reflect on the issue or on future research paths. This guide should help you put your emphasis on aspects that are appropriate for such genre and matter. Don’t forget to also check our 10 facts on medicalization as a social concept for an argumentative essay and also 20 selected topics with 1 sample essay.

Megapnosaurus (Syntarsus) - Facts and Figures

Megapnosaurus (Syntarsus) - Facts and Figures Name: Megapnosaurus (Greek for big dead lizard); pronounced meh-GAP-no-SORE-us; also known as Syntarsus; possibly synonymous with Coelophysis Habitat: Woodlands of Africa and North America Historical Period: Early Jurassic (200-180 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet long and 75 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; bipedal posture; narrow snout; strong hands with long fingers About Megapnosaurus (Syntarsus) By the standards of the early Jurassic period, about 190 million years ago, the meat-eating dinosaur Megapnosaurus was hugethis early theropod may have weighed as much as 75 pounds, hence its unusual name, Greek for big dead lizard. (By the way, if Megapnosaurus sounds a bit unfamiliar, thats because this dinosaur used to be known as Syntarsusa name that turned out to have already been assigned to a genus of insect.) Complicating matters further, many paleontologists believe that Megapnosaurus was actually a large species (C. rhodesiensis) of the much better-known dinosaur Coelophysis, the skeletons of which have been unearthed by the thousands in the American southwest. Assuming that it does deserve its own genus, there were two distinct variants of Megapnosaurus. One lived in South Africa, and was discovered when researchers stumbled on a bed of 30 tangled skeletons (the pack had apparently been drowned in a flash flood, and may or may not have been on a hunting expedition). The North American version sported small crests on its head, a hint that it may have been closely related to another smallish theropod of the late Jurassic period, Dilophosaurus. The size and structure of its eyes indicates that Megapnosaurus (aka Syntarsus, aka Coelophysis) hunted at night, and a study of the growth rings in its bones reveals that this dinosaur had an average life span of about seven years.

Lucozade Company International Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lucozade Company International Expansion - Essay Example Introduction Lucozade Company is a trademark name that is used to encompass a series of sports energy drinks, which are produced by the GlaxoSmithKline Company. The energy drink alongside Ribena is currently being produced in Royal Forest Factory in  Cole ford,  Gloucestershire, in the  Forest of Dean. Although Lucozade is presently known as Lucozade Energy, it was previously branded Lucozade. The drink contains a series of flavors, which depend with the taste, and preference of the individual consumer. It contains a series of still, fruit based, isotonic energy drinks, which are designed mainly for use to the original Lucozade sport and other physically demanding activities. Moreover, the company has developed a brand known as Lucozade sport lite, which is a sugar free substance and was launched in 2011 mainly for diabetic people. Other flavors that come along with this drinks include, Orange, Raspberry, Tropical, Cherry, Lite- Orange, Lite- Lemon & Lime, and Lite- Cherry. Bac kground Lucozade Company was started in 1953 in Brent ford, England. However, William Owe, a chemical analyst from Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, started the events that started the company in 1927. Owen’s original idea was to come up with a soft drink that would be primarily used by ailing patients to boost their energy. The product was marketed in UK under the brand name Glucozade but later, the product was rebranded to Lucozade. The company has rebranded severally since then, which has been informed by several breakthrough insights by consumer psychologist Roy Langmaid, who recognized that there was a need to shift the brand's associations away from illness and towards empowerment. Expanding In Saudi Arabia and Saudi Drink Sector Lucozade Company is a major sponsor of events and sports globally. The company also sponsors various athletes in different sports. The recommendation by most countries has cautioned the company not to exceed 700k Cal per liter and 0.01% ethanol. This has ma de the energy drink to be forbidden in most Muslim countries. However, the Muslim council made a ruling that it would be religiously safe to use the energy drink. However, it is recommended for people to take Lucozade in case they are suffering from diarrhea. This is because during this condition, a great deal of fluid and electrolytes are lost from the body. However, it is scientifically claimed that the drink does not contain enough electrolytes to be suitable for electrolyte replacement. The sports and energy drink industry in Saudi Arabia can be analyzed and depicted well according to the Porters Five Forces Model. Porters Five Forces Model is arguable the most important tool for analysis since it is based on fundamentals of competitive advantage. The model deals with forces outside the model which influences the nature of competition in the industry, which is the microenvironment and so, the industries likely profitability (Ekeledo, 2003, p.68). The Saudi Marketing Environment Lucozade Company has to understand the dynamics of the industry and the Saudi Arabian market in order to compete favorably and effectively in the marketplace. This model describes the forces, which describe the forces that drive competition (Madsen & Servais, 1997, p. 561). These forces include rivalry between existing sellers, influence of consumers on the market, seller-supplier influence, the potential threat of new market entrants as well as threat of substitute products (Zahra

ENTERPRICE RESOURCE PLANNING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

ENTERPRICE RESOURCE PLANNING - Research Paper Example The intention of this study is an information requirements determination as core and very major as one of the major interactive activities in system development. Organizations now compete in the global marketplace with the use of technology and communications. No matter what industry type or what the size of the company is, the right choice of tools will help the company in organizing expenses, analyzing sales, responding to customers, manufacturers, suppliers and partners. The risk of a schedule flaw in system management is of great importance. Scheduling is the process of arranging the events of the project in given time ranges. Risk of this occurring can be high only when the developer concentrates on a particular process more than the others. This could result to non-completion, poor product due to hurried process, and ignoring of some crucial procedures in the product’s scope. The probability of this happening is a 2, kind of a low rating, given the involvement of a super visor that will help the developer keep up to the schedule. Resource allocation is one of the trickiest ventures in any given project. The major resources that could be required in the student projects is travelling to and fro the respectable institutions, and maybe paying up for some services such as SMS servers and hosting services. The risk for this is 4, quite a high probability given the financial situation that students stand. The developer might later realize that the specifications given or found are not exactly comprehensive. Refiguring or restructuring the design to match new specifications is quite tricky. The probability for this happening is 5, given the probability of requirement inflation, usually another risk. This is the worst risk that could be expected in any project, as it would combine each of the other risks as aforementioned. This could only thus be possible if the other risks have a high probability of happening. The probability could thus be the average of e ach of the other risks. This would result with the inadequacy of the Software Requirement Specifications document, usually done after the requirements of a given system have been analyzed. The developer might later realize that the design or rather system requires additional requirements for better functionality. This automatically alters the design and thus schedule. The probability fo

Assessments in a care environment Essay Example for Free

Assessments in a care environment Essay Although there are many hazards that could be potential risks in the food environment in a hospital, there are a few which have the highest risk of  occurring and could then cause the most harm to both the service users and service providers. Whilst preparing and cutting vegetables, there is a risk that someone could cut themselves with a sharp knife or cutting equipment. Although the likelihood of this happening could be quite high when there is a lack of training involved, the severity of the injury or damage to health would be quite low considering many injuries that occur this way would be easily seen to and treated by the first aider or the person in charge. However, to prevent this risk occurring at all, all staff should be supplied with the appropriate equipment they should use and training so they are aware of how to handle the equipment in the right manor. A low level of sanitation in a food environment could cause there to be a wider and much quicker spread of bacteria through the food and surfaces which could prove to be harmful, especially in a hospital environment. Due to health and safety regulations being followed by all caring establishments, the likelihood of this happening would be a 2. However if there weren’t regulations being followed by the hospital and this was to occur then the severity could potentially be a 4/5 as the spread of bacteria in a hospital setting would be made worse when considering the weaker people in the hospital and those whose immune systems wouldn’t be able to fight off bad bacteria as well as other and could get sick or their condition could worsen if they already are sick. To prevent this all supervisors should ensure legislations, policies and procedures are being followed at all times to ensure maximum sanitation and cleanliness. Due to the wide variety of people consuming the food in the hospital, it would be vital to take into consideration allergies some people may have and to ensure they are not given food that contains or has been made in the same area as the food they are allergic to. Although the likelihood of this happening is just a 3 due to the fact all staff should adhere to procedures and take into consideration peoples allergies anyway, the severity of this if it occurs could be a 4/5 due to the fact allergic reactions could potentially severe and some cases could even lead to death. To ensure all precautions are taken with these activities and to minimise the risks which could occur from the hazards there are many things that can be done or put into place and thus prevent patients, staff or visitors from  harm. Firstly, to prevent somebody cutting themselves while they are preparing food they should be given training before hand to ensure they are aware of how to use the equipment appropriately and make sure they know which piece of equipment is the most appropriate for the type of food they are preparing. Under the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) policy it states that all employers have duties concerning the provisions and use of PPE at work and should provide safety training to ensure no members of staff come to any harm (hse.gov.uk, 2015). To prevent the spread of bacteria and ensure the safety of everyone who is to consume the food available, all staff should also be given training on the appropriate ways and places to store food at the right temperatures to ensure the risk of bacteria growth is minimised. Managers of businesses or areas dealing with food have a duty to ensure all food is safe to eat, all harmful or out of date food is removed and unable to be consumed and records should be kept of where the food was bought from to provide evidence if needed. This emphasises the importance of how the Food safety act 1990 should be put into place to ensure the employers and employees stick to their duties to ensure maximum safety for service users. Also hand sanitiser should be provided and available around the hospital including the kitchen to prevent cross contamination that way (legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Finally, to ensure the safety of patients and minimise the risk of something fatal happening to them, all allergies they have to foods should be recorded down and available to all kitchen staff who will be preparing food. These records should be checked regularly and all food should be prepared on separate work surfaces or chopping boards to reduce the risk of cross contamination and any allergic reactions occurring. Physical exercise class Although many form of exercise and physical movement for many patients would be greatly beneficial to their health and wellbeing, it could also prove to provide more harm to health than good if precautions are not taken. Spilt water on the floor where someone may be exercising could prove to be harmful and cause damage to their health if it isn’t seen and cleaned up by someone. Although there is just a likelihood of just 2, the severity could potentially be 3 as an injury to someone in a hospital who could be elderly  could be fatal and cause serious damage to their weak bones and skin. To minimise to risk you could put control measures into place including not allowing any food or drink to be consumed in the exercise area and to have a separate room for them to be stored. Too much exercise for some patients could over work them and cause an injury to their health if it is repeated. Exercise can cause a vast increase in both heart rate and blood pressure and could lead to ma ny serious problems if an elderly patient is doing too much. The likelihood of this causing harm to patients is 1 as both patients and staff should be aware of when too much exercise is being done and if they’re working too hard. However, if this was to occur, the severity would be 5 as weaker elderly patients could suffer from a heart attack or stroke over time if they aren’t being monitored on what exercise they’re doing and the effect it is having on their health. To control this all service providers involved in the physical activities and wellbeing of the patients should know and keep records of any conditions the patients may have which could lead to adverse effects or weaken them. All patient files should have records of what exercise patients have done to ensure they do enough to stay health but not too much that they cause themselves harm or injury. There should also be multiple members of staff observing exercise sessions to keep an eye on those more likely to over work themselves. If patients are showed how to warm up and down properly then they could injure themselves more then what they would if they warmed up. Also, if the exercise is too harsh and causes patients to have to put a lot of effort in just to complete tasks then the severity should be decreased to allow them better health. This would also help prevent a majority of excess aches and pains that would come from treating their body too harshly. Because of possible high severity of an incident is water was spilt during an exercise class, precautions should be put into place to minimise this risk and decrease the likelihood of it ever happening and injuring a patient. If drinks are restricted to one particular area or room away from where the exercise is taking place then there would be a decrease in the risk of anything being spilt in certain areas. Also if patients doing the exercise were given regular breaks to have a drink and a rest they would prevent spillages as well as prevent any pains occurring by doing too much exercise.  Secondly, the amount of exercise each individual patient is able to do would be subjective on the individual and therefore not all the patients should be forced into doing as much as others may do if they are less capable. Each patients amount of exercise should be monitored and recorded to ensure they get the right amount but are not getting too much. Also by monitoring them it would be easier to identify if any of the patients are struggling with any of the exercise methods or are in too much pain to carry on. This also applies to the third point made. The patients shouldn’t be doing exercise which is too harsh for them to carry out or if they don’t completely understand what they are doing because they could do it wrong and injure themselves severely. By allowing them to warm up and down before and after they carry out exercises and by showing them how to carry it out appropriately would lower the risk of injury and allow them to enjoy it instead of being in pain. Visiting Times Visiting hours are the busiest times in a hospital and so could potentially have many hazards involved in allowing people in and out of the hospital without appropriate precautions taken. Poor sanitation from new visitors could potentially be a big problem in a hospital as bacteria will be being bought into the wards and could enhance the spread of infections or diseases. Due to the fact a hospital has a wide variety of patients including elderly and those who have recently had surgery (meaning they may also have open wounds) the spread of bacteria could be hazardous to their health and the healing process of their injuries/wounds. The Likelihood of this happening would be 2 which is significantly low considering the change of law in 1995 which ‘provided specific recommendations to promote improved hand-hygiene practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and personnel in health-care settings’ (Cdn.gov,2014). However the severity of a lack of sanitation would potentially be a 4/5 as the spread of bacteria and therefore infections and diseases could be harmful to people’s health and if unable to fight it off, it could possibly even shut down some peoples immune systems. To minimise the risks of this there should be hand sanitizer and hand was stations placed all around the hospital with signs so the visitors remember to clean their hands and kill off unwanted  bacteria. Security is a vital party of a hospital to ensure the safety of everyone in the building. Without a high level of security around the hospital anyone would have access into and out of the building that may not be authorised. This could mean unwanted visitors may come in and read documents they are unauthorised to, or even confused elderly patients may get out without realising it and end up injuring themselves outside without anyone there to help. This hazard would have a likelihood of 1 and a severity of a potential 4/5 because, although it is very unlikely to happen in a hospital, if a patient were to get out they could get themselves into all sorts of trouble and not realise the danger of traffic outside causing fatal injuries or maybe even death. CCTV should be in place to monitor people in the hospital and all wards should be locked so only authorised people are able to enter and exit. Damage to property could occur during visiting hours as the hospital will be crowded with a variety of people, patients and staff which could cause some things to be damaged or broken, especially when there are a large number of visitors at one time. Although this would not directly affect the health of service users or service providers, it is a hazard to the hospital and would cost a lot of money in repairs each year if there are no control measures in place. CCTV would help monitor any damage that would occur and the person behind the damage; however there should also be signs around the hospital reminding visitors to stay orderly and respectful at all times on the wards and around the building. Due to the fact that so many different people will be entering and leaving the hospital, they could be carrying many different types of bacteria into the hospital which could cause a higher risk of the spread of infection. By providing hand sanitiser and making it widely available around the hospital and wards, all visitors and people who enter the hospital will be able to reduce the amount of bacteria they are bringing in and reduce the risk of infection. There is a hand hygiene policy which should be put into place in the hospital to ensure the safety of patients and visitors. It is well known that hand hygiene is one of the most important factors in preventing the spread of infection and the unwashed hands of all healthcare professionals and visitors is the most important route of cross-infection in the  healthcare environment (Ayliffe at al, 2000). Secondly, there should be an appropriate amount of security in and around the hospital to ensure only authorised people are getting in and out of the building. CCTV cameras should be working and placed all around the building and there should be security systems put in places at all of the entrances and exits to ensure the risk of unwanted visitors or patients getting out is minimised. This would also lower the risk of any property being damaged and if it does occur it would allow the staff to look back over the footage and identify who was at fault for any damages that occur. Although the likelihood of these occurring is predictably low, it would decrease the severity of incidents which occur as it would allow people to be identified and things could be managed before they get out of hand. Dispensing of medicines Prescribing and dispensing medicine is a vital role in hospitals to ensure all patients get the medication they need to help them recover, however there could be many possible hazards involved with dispensing medicines that could cause harm to patients and their health. Prescribing patients with the wrong dosage of medication is a possible hazard as it could lead to the patient having an overdose or having serious health problems afterwards. Although the likelihood is low the severity if this does occur is high as the health effects would be very negative and put patients health into a decline. To prevent this all patients records should be checked beforehand to ensure they are being prescribed the right amount, also the medication should be double checked before being handed to the patient to ensure no mistakes have been made. If medication is left on the side it could be consumed by someone who doesn’t need it, by a visitor not knowing what it is or even by a child who mista kes them for sweets. This could cause great harm as someone who takes them could overdose and it would have negative effects on their health if taken in large quantities, especially to a child. All medication should be locked away in a cupboard or be handled/observed by a nurse or doctor at all times to ensure no one can take them when they don’t need to or accidently. Needles could be a hazard in a hospital if not used correctly or if a nurse slips while holding one. If found left lying around someone could use one and pierce their skin injecting themselves with  something they don’t know about, or even risking infection by finding a dirty needle and using that. Also if a nurse slips whilst holding on they could injure themselves or the patient by accidently stabbing the skin. This isn’t very likely to happen as all nurses should be provided the appropriate training on how to handle needles and dangerous equipment so they don’t make a mistake. Also, all needles should be di sposed of immediately after use so they cannot be used again and cause cross-contamination. The severity for all hazards which could occur for dispensing medicines are all high and so to reduce the risk of anything serious happening or anyone being injured, policies and procedures must be put into place to ensure people’s safety in the hospital. All patient records must be checked before they are prescribed with a medicine to ensure they are provided with the right type of medicine and the right dosage. If this is done wrong it could potentially eventually lead to death for an unfortunate patient and so the dispensing of medicines policy should be put into place. The policy states that all medication should be stored, administered and disposed of appropriately to ensure minimum harm and training must be given to staff to make sure they understand how vital and critical their role could be (oxfordshireccg.nhs, 2013). All medication must be locked away and not left lying around the hospital to ensure only the appropriate staff members who have had training are able to access it and no children or vulnerable people are able to pick it up off the side and take medication which could make them sick. Finally, it is evident that needles are dangerous pieces of equipment if mishandled or in the wrong hands and so the dispensing of medicines policy should be ensured and put into place because of this fact also. All used and unwanted needles should be disposed of immediately instead of being left lying around and all staff should have training before they start in their role to ensure they know how to handle a needle and to make sure they don’t injure themselves or anyone else with one (goshospital, 2015). Moving patients between wards Naturally there would be many risks involved with carrying out this activity as there are a lot of precautions that would needed to be adhered to to make  it successful. There could also be many complications to consider if you were moving an elderly, weak or disorientated patient. The likelihood of any of the hazards occurring is low due to training the staff have and regulations they follow to ensure safety. Using the appropriate equipment is vital when moving a patient between wards as it would assist to lift and transport the patient without causing any harm to the health of either the patient or the member of staff. If a nurse is moving a patient on their own without a hoist or any help, they could injure their back by not lifting properly or injure the patient if they’re lifted in the wrong way. According to the manual handling regulations 1992 all staff should be provided with PPE and training on how to carry out tasks like these to avoid injuries or harm. The likelihood of any harm occurring is low if the regulation is followed however the severity could be 3 as the damage it could cause may need special attention. Dropping patients would be a risk if they are heavy or awkward to lift between one place to another. The severity of this if it happens would be quite high depending on the state of the patient, especially if the patient being moved is elderly or fragile, they could easily break a bone or more damage would be caused if they are dropped. Busy corridors during visiting hours could cause complications when moving a patient as it would make it a lot harder. If some of the corridors or lifts are busy you would not be able to move the patient as quickly and efficiently as liked/needed. Also, if there are people milling about the corridors it would be easier for the patient to be knocked over or injured by accident. The severity of something happening while a patient is being moved between the hospital is on average 2.5 which could be severe in the wrong situations and so staff must be provided with the right equipment and training to prevent the risk of injury or the likelihood of anything happening. Under the personal protective equipment policy it states that all staff members should be provided with the correct equipment to carry out tasks to prevent injury to themselves and the other person involved (hse.gov.uk, 2015). This could include someone like a hoist to prevent injury to the staff members back and to ensure that the patient is being lifted properly. Although dropping a patient has a low likelihood and may not happen easily, if it  does it could be severely fatal to the patient and cause them a lot of injuries. The risk of this happening would also be minimised if the correct equipment was provided to ensure the staff member doesn’t assert strain on their back/ body and it ensure that there is enough power to lift the patient, especially if the member of staff isn’t very strong. Finally to make it easier to move patients it should be done when the hospital isn’t busy so there are no visitors mulling around and getting in the way. References Hse.gov.uk, (2015). Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). [online] Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/ppe.htm [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015]. Gov.uk, (2015). Food safety your responsibilities GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/food-safety-your-responsibilities/food-safety [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015]. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015). Food Safety Act 1990. [online] Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/16/contents [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015]. Hospital, G. (2015). Sharps: disposal of used sharps Clinical guidelines Health professionals Great Ormond Street Hospital. [online] Gosh.nhs.uk. Available at: http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/health-professionals/clinical-guidelines/sharps-disposal-of-used-sharps/ [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015].

The High Cost of Nuclear Weapons Essay examples -- Nuclear Weapons Ess

Throughout the entirety of the twentieth century, the most disputed topic of discussion has perhaps been that of nuclear weapons. Some people argue these weapons of mass destruction are vital to the survival of order and decency in the world, while others contend that nuclear weapons will bring an end to civilization as we now know it. Regardless of both of these arguments, there are two things that just about nobody can deny – nuclear weapons are extremely expensive and enormously destructive. The first thing to know about nuclear weapons is exactly how much money they have cost the United States? Since the first government supported work on nuclear weapons began in 1940, the United States has spent approximately $4 trillion on its nuclear arsenal as of 1995. This figure is roughly 3 times what the United States spent on World War II. It should also be mentioned that with overhead costs required to develop, produce, deploy, operate, support, and control these weapons, the total would come to approximately an extra $500 billion to $1 trillion dollars once all known costs are documented. Since the conclusion of World War II in 1945, nuclear weapons have been held accountable for the consumption of one quarter to one third of the United States’ military budget. Currently, the figures are a bit more gentle on the United States’ annual budget but still astronomical in its own right. Annually, the United States spends at least $33 billion on nuclear weapons and weapon-related activities, which is equivalent to about 13 percent of all military spending. Of this $33 billion, $8 billion is spent annually on nuclear waste management, environmental remediation, weapons dismantling, and disposition activities. The majo... ...o referred to as an â€Å"enhanced radiation weapon.† This bomb is in the 1 to 10 kiloton range minus the outer casing of uranium. The neutron bomb emits a spray of neutrons that is lethal for a distance of a few hundred meters. Unlike x-rays discharged from conventional nuclear bombs, the neutrons penetrate a considerable thickness as in steel and concrete (RC p. 56-64). These particular bombs are designed for battlefield use, not cities. The blast this bomb produces is equivalent to about half of a regular nuclear blast, yet still potent. Bibliography - Clough, Richard. The Dawn of Nuclear Development. Albuquerque: Academia - El Norte, 1994. - Tompkins, Harry. Effects and Costs of the Nuclear Research Project. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. - Voss, Milton. The Aftermath of a Nuclear Blast. Boston: Houghton, 1993.

Non Tariff Barriers

NON TARIFF BARRIERS What are non tariff barriers? Non- tariff barriers are broadly defined as any impediment to trade other than tariffs. Non tariff barriers can be classified into two groups; Direct and Indirect. (a)Direct Barriers are barriers that specifically limit import of goods or services. Eg: Embargoes and quotas EMBARGOES: Embargoes are the most restrictive of the direct non tariff barriers. They are either a complete ban on trade with a foreign nation or a ban on sales or transfer of specific products. Eg: The U. S. has imposed embargoes on Afghanistan, Cuba, Iraq and Iran. QUOTAS: Quotas are a quantitative restriction on imports. They are based on either value of goods or on quantity. They can be placed on all goods of a particular kind coming from all countries, a group of countries or only one country. (b) Indirect Barriers are laws, administrative regulations, industrial/commercial practices and even social and cultural forces that either limit or discourage sale or purchase of foreign goods or services in a domestic market. To restrict imports, countries may impose monetary or exchange controls on currencies. Foreign governments can impose technical barriers to trade, for example, performance standards for products, product specifications or products safety. Eg: Japan has governmental restrictions on the use of food preservatives. It is a trade barrier in disguise, because foods without preservatives cannot be transported long distance. Import Licensing Schemes and Customs Procedures Some governments require importers to apply for permission to import products, subjecting them to complex and discriminatory requirements. It is often expensive and time-consuming. Let us look at some tariff measures that are maintained against Indian exports: 1)Country- The United States of America Product- Marine Products Non tariff barrier- Increased in-detailed inspections under the Bio-Terrorism Act. -Customs Bond requirement -Mandatory labeling discriminating ‘farm-raised’ & ‘wild’. -Punitive fines in case of non-compliance -Non-recognition of EIC certification 2)Country- Columbia Product- Pharmaceuticals Non tariff barrier – Registration by Columbian Drug Control and Certification takes 11-12 months and is very tedious. Inspections are undertaken for environmental compliance and punitive fines are levied in case of non-compliance 3)Country- Bangladesh Product- Poultry products Non tariff barrier- Bangladesh continues to ban imports of poultry products despite India gaining the ‘Avian influenza free’ status. )Country- Chile Product- Wheat, wheat flour, sugar Non tariff barrier- Complex price band system -A minimum import price (well above international and domestic prices) is stipulated. The Argentinean Customs can ask for validation of Indian Customs Invoice and a full set of original documents if they suspect that the invoiced value is less than the minimum import price established. 5)Country- China Service- Banking Non tariff barrier- China maintains a number of regulatory barriers which make investment in the banking sector very difficult. While foreign banks are allowed to open branches, regulatory treatment remains discriminatory. Branches of foreign banks are for example subject to higher capital norms than Chinese banks, which moreover are coupled with the number of their offices. Costs for establishing bank branches in China are therefore very high and foreign banks market share in China remains marginal REFERENCES International Business Law and its Environment- Richard Schaffer, Filiberto Augusti & Beverly Carle International Business- Francis Cherunilam

The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate

The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate Introduction Adelphoi Village is a private, non- profit company that provide community based services to children and adolescents in the Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia area. Adelphoi Village provides programs and services that strive to guide each youth on a path that will provide meaning, purpose and value in his/her life. Founded in 1971, Adelphoi Village has expanded to serve over 800 youth in 60 different counties.Adelphoi Village conduct several different services which includes, group homes, foster/adoptive services, charter school, multisystemic therapy, education services, diagnostic, in-home services, specialized independent living, secure care, mental health programs and other services that overlap to form a complete continuum of care for children, youth, and families. One of the departments under Adelphoi Village’s umbrella is its Multisystemic Therapy (MST) program.The MST prog ram provides intensive in- home family therapy to youth who are involved with Department of Juvenile Justice or Child Protective Services. The MST therapist strive to empower the parents with the skills and resources needed to become independent in addressing the difficulties that arise in raising adolescents, and to assist the youth in developing life-long coping skills. In the MST program families receive in home therapy 2 to 3 times a week for two hours each session. The therapist carries a caseload of 4 to 6 families and is on call for the families 24/7.I have been working for Adelphoi Village’s MST York program as a MST therapist since July 2012. The Adelphoi Village MST York team consists of one supervisor and four therapists. The MST York team covers the entire York County, PA area. In order for the company to be at the maximum number for productivity the MST program needs to be fully staffed. Adelphoi Villages MST York program therapist does not only perform the deman ding duties of MST, but also performs several other demanding duties making the job very intensive and unbearable.Due to the intensiveness of the job this program has had and continues to have a very high turnover rate which could be due to the employees being over worked and underpaid. Employees are dissatisfied with their job which causes them to leave and search for other employment. Before I started with this company the MST York team was down one therapist for about a year. Before then the team was down two therapists for about two and a half years. Currently we are looking to hire two new therapists to start working with the team.There have been 10 interviews set up; however, only 3 people have decided to interview with the company. Others have stated that they changed their mind about working for the company because the job is too demanding and lacks the pay that they are looking to obtain. Problem Statement Adelphoi Village’s MST program experiences a high turnover ra te each year. For the MST York team it is very hard to keep the team at full capacity due to the dissatisfaction of their employees. Employees’ needs are not being met and they are being overworked with lack of appreciation, low pay, and low incentives.This paper will examine the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. This paper will identify the causes of employee turnover and how it relates to job satisfaction. This paper will also identify examples on how the company could increase job satisfaction for their employees, thus decreasing employee turnover. Literature Review Wang, Wang, and Yang (2012) conducted a research study comparing public and private employees’ job satisfaction and turnover in Taiwan.The population consisted of 500 employees in the public sector and 500 employees in the private sector. Questionnaires were used to collect data from employees of various private enterprises and public organizations. The results showed that the job satisfaction and turnover intentions of public employees are different from those of private employees (Wang, Wang, and Yang 2012). Researchers found that public employees in Taiwan have lower extrinsic job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions compared to their counterparts in the private sector.Wang, Wang, and Yang (2012) reported that job satisfaction is found to be negatively associated with turnover intentions. When employees are dissatisfied, they think more of quitting their jobs. Dissatisfaction may stimulate from lack of pay, lack of job security, lack of incentives, and lack of appreciation. If those who are dissatisfied continue to stay on in their jobs, their low work motivation will decrease the overall performance of the organization (Wang, Wang, and Yang 2012).Lanham, Rye, Rimsky, and Weill (2012) conducted a study on how gratitude relates to burnout and job satisfaction in mental health professionals. Sixty-five mental health professionals including; counsel ors, case managers, clinical administrators/supervisors, employment/housing specialists, social workers, and psychologists completed questionnaires assessing demographics, job context variables, hope, gratitude, burnout, and job satisfaction. Lanham, Rye, Rimsky and Weill (2012) stated that mental health professionals are at high risk of burnout and turnover.Burnout which results from persistent work stress, involves emotional exhaustion (mental strain attributed to job Stressors), depersonalization (mentally distancing oneself and adopting a more impersonal view of other people), and decreased sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout can adversely affect both personal health and organizational functioning (Lanham, Rye, Rimsky and Weill 2012). Another positive psychology construct that may affect burnout is gratitude, which involves being aware of and appreciating good things that happen and taking the time to express thanks (Lanham, Rye, Rimsky and Weill 2012).There are several re asons why gratitude might relate to less burnout and higher job satisfaction among mental health professionals. Gratitude motivates pro-social behavior and corporate social responsibility. Lanham, Rye, Rimsky and Weill (2012) stated that since so many factors contribute to burnout and workplace satisfaction, agency administrators need to examine the extent to which agency policies contribute to employee burnout and job dissatisfaction. Huning and Thomson (2011) conducted a study on an empirical examination of the impact of performance attributions and job satisfaction on turnover intentions.Participants consisted of 363 graduate and undergraduate students. Participants completed a survey related to attributes, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Results show that job satisfaction mediates between causality attributions, stability attributions, and turnover intentions. Job satisfaction has been defined as a pleasurable emotional state the results from the appraisal of one's jo b (Locke 1976). Job satisfaction describes an affective reaction to one's job as well as attitudes toward the job.This in turn suggests that job satisfaction is formed from affect, cognition, and ultimately will result in satisfaction contingent job-related behaviors (Huning and Thomson 2011). Huning and Thomas (2011) found that job satisfaction is the central variable in among the central theoretical and empirical contributions in employee turnover. Lambert, Hogan and Barton (2001) conducted a study on the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: a test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers.Based upon the literature, a structural measurement model incorporating four core antecedents of turnover (i. e. , demographic characteristics, work environment, job satisfaction, and turnover intent) was developed and tested using a national sample of American workers. The results indicate that the work environment is more important in shaping worker job sat isfaction than are demographic characteristics, and that job satisfaction is a highly salient antecedent of turnover intent. Finally, job satisfaction is a key mediating variable between the work environment and turnover intent (Lambert, Hogan and Barton 2001).Camp (1993) conducted a study on Assessing the Effects of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction on Turnover: An Event History Approach. Camp examined two types of subjective measurement of the work environment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, which are often thought to be related to turnover. Camp (1993) found that organizational comm itment, as measured by both commitment to the overall organization and the more specific institution, is inversely related to turnover among correctional workers at the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Analysis Job satisfaction and turnover have a strong correlational relationship. Turnover is the ratio of employees leaving jobs with a company as a percentage of total employees in the organization. Job satisfaction is commonly linked to turnover ratios. Employees who are generally satisfied at work tend to stay, while dissatisfied employees often look for other work. Many factors affect the level of satisfaction among employees. Pay is noted as a key factor to job satisfaction (Kokemuller 2010).Other factors that affect job satisfaction include; job security, appreciation, work conditions, co- workers and supervisor support, and gratitude. It is noted that as job satisfaction increases, absenteeism tends to go down, and as job satisfaction decreases, absenteeism often goes up (Schermerhorn 5). Taking care of job satisfaction today can be considered an investment in tomorrow’s performance potential (Schermerhorn 12). Solutions There are many ways that employees as well as the administrative staff can increase job satisfaction to avoid turnover.One of the most tangible things that employees can do to increase job satisfaction is to get organized. Mana ging your workload efficiently can help increase job satisfaction. When you become organized it can create a since of relief in your everyday work load. Another way employees can increase personal job satisfaction is to develop an optimistic point of view and change negative self talk patterns. This will assist employees with viewing things in a more positive light. Employees can also reward and recognize self for doing a wonderful job.Many jobs fail to recognize employees for doing a great job; employees can treat themselves to a movie or to a spa, to recognize the fact that they are making a wonderful impact on their company. Administrative staff can also begin to incorporate rewards and recognition into daily practices. When employees feel recognized and appreciated by the administrative staff if creates a since of belonging and willingness for employees to do their best in carrying out their jobs. Companies could also offer employees flexible work schedules and better pay.Easing an employer's work schedule can reduce job loss and keep training costs down. Offering employees better pay could also reduce job loss. Companies could also begin to encourage open communication between management and staff. For example, management could install a comment box in the lobby of the office for employees to drop in written feedback so that an understanding of why employees feel dissatisfied could be communicated between management and staff. Reflection In completing this paper I have learned how job dissatisfaction relates to turnover rate and burnout in employees.I have learned and understood the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction and how to create personal job satisfaction. I recently decided to leave Adelphoi Village and obtain employment with another company. Although I am doing similar work, I have decided to work with a different company that offered my better pay and more stability. I understand that in my line of work as a therapist that there is a high jo b burnout and turnover rate in this field. I have to use what I have learned in completing this paper and in class to create personal job satisfaction.Positive self talk, self recognition, and self reward are some of the ways I can continue to create personal job satisfaction which in turn will lower my burnout and turnover rate. Reference: Camp, S. (1993) Assessing the Effects of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction on Turnover: An Event History Approach. The Prison Journal, 74(3), 279-305. Huning, T. , Thomson, N. (2011) An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Performance Attributions and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions.Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 15(1) Kokemuller, N. (2010) Job Satisfaction and Turnover. Retrieved on October 14, 2012 from http://www. ehow. com/info_7746396_job-satisfaction-turnover. html Lambert, E. , Hogan, N. , Barton, S. (2001) The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intent: A Test of a Structural Meas urement Model Using a National Sample of Workers. The Social Science Journal. Lanham, M. , Rye, M. , Rimsky, L. , Weill, S. (2012) How Gratitude Relates to Burnout and Job Satisfaction in Mental Health Professionals.Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(4), 341-354 Locke, 1976 cited in Brief, A. P. , ;amp; Weiss, H. M. (2001). Organizational behavior: affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279-307, p. 282 Schermerhorn, John R.. Organizational Behavior, 12th Edition. John Wiley ;amp; Sons, 11/2011. ;lt;vbk:9781118426319#outline(1. 5. 3. 2);gt;. Wang, Y. , Wang, K. , Yang, C. (2012). Comparing Public and Private Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Turnover. Journal of Public Personnel Management, 41(3), 557-573.

Coeducation and Students Achievement in Mathematics

Coeducation and Students Achievement in Mathematics Introduction This project aims at investigating two very crucial ideologies with regards to application of various schooling system. The first question will concentrate on the effects that single sex or mixed school environments have on Mathematics achievement, while the second idea will be to look at the merits and demerits of these systems in the overall student’s achievement in Mathematics as a subject.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Coeducation and Students’ Achievement in Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technically, the project plan will include a review of its context, project rationale or the thinking behind it, a section on literature review, a description of facts and data collection methodologies, a proposed timeline for the various activities anticipated and a list of reference material used. Context of the Study The study of single sex and mixed sex schools may have a varied number of aspects that one may wish to look into. First, there may be the issue of gender distribution There may also be the angle of resources distribution in schools where one may want to compare the level of balance, in the two types of schools. A researcher may also want to study coeducation from the perspective of discrimination in terms of race, color and even access to facilities (Francis, 2004). The other angle that one may approach the issue of coeducation from is the performance of these schools either in individual subjects or on an overall basis, in comparison to the single sex schools. One may also narrow down to individual student characteristics on issues like discipline and how it may affect the students performance in the subject, while comparing the same variable to case scenarios in singles sex schools. Main Focus of the Study As noted above, various angles. This study will nonetheless focus on two aspects which are; an analysis of the effects of coeducatio nal environment in students’ performance of the mathematics subject and the positive and negative contributions of mix classes, to the achievement of mathematics as a subject. Coeducation Environment and Students Performance in Mathematics The environment in which education is being provided happens to be an important contributor to the overall outcome expected of the students (Tully Jacob, 2010). However, there are several other forces that influence students’ performance on particular subjects and on an overall aggregate that it would not be easy to single out one as the most dominant factor (Sullivan, 2009). One of the findings that may explain the performance of mathematics subject in coeducational schools is the revelation that boys and girls mixed schools do not exhibit any conspicuously superior qualities in comparison to their counter parts in single sex schools, either in curricular or co-curricular activities (Sax, 2005). Thus the environment of single sex s chools seem to be provide students with better chances of doing well in mathematicsAdvertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It may seem that the perception of mathematics as an otherwise difficult subject pushes boys in single sex schools to go an extra mile, in a bid to display their ability in terms of handling difficult issues in a manly way, and in the process of trying to outshine one another, they end up boosting their individual performances and eventually that of the whole class.(Pomerantaz, Altermatt Saxon, 2002). The situation is however different in mixed schools where poor performance by one gender may lead to pulling the average aggregate behind (Paton Moore, 2010). Positive and Negative Effects of Single Sex School Environment to the Achievement of Mathematics Positive Effects The existence of one gender in one school environment is believed to enhance heigh tens the levels of competition since the participants are seen as equals and therefore each one of them tends to put more effort to become noticeable and remain competitively relevant (Barmao, Bosire Mandoch, 2008).This competition is most visible where teachers emphasize on the fact that none of them has more superior characteristic than the other but are more or less of equal in natural endowment. Single sex schools also tend to level the rules of competition thus there is a balanced playing field that doesn’t give any one advantage over the other. Further, educating students in single sex schools seems to contribute to the ultimate confidence of individual students. Girls in particular have been found to shy away from contributing to questions and discussion in class in the presence of their male counterparts (Sax, 2005). Further, single sex schools reduce the chances of the attitude of the teacher to have as much impact on the performance of the students. There are more chances that a teacher would more often express a non-accommodating attitude towards a single student rather than a group (Sullivan, 2009). In single sex school the expressions of a teacher may be easier to deal with since they will have no inclination to any gender and therefore the students are able to form a means of coping with a teacher’s attitude more than in a mixed school situation were expression may be limited by the existence of one gender. The single sex environment again allows boys and girls to fully act in a natural way as their actions are not subject to criticism by the opposite gender. It is natural that in the presence of members of the opposite gender humans will act in a different way from their normal self thus limiting the chances of bringing out their real self. A single sex school eliminates such attributes and instead advocates for full expression of self thus enhancing such characteristics as being affirmative and assertive.Advertising We wi ll write a custom research paper sample on Coeducation and Students’ Achievement in Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are also reduced chances of influence by unhealthy relationships that may occur in mixed schools. This actually is one of the contributors of poor performances in mixed schools and thus the further the separation the higher the chances of better performance (Gurian Steven, 2004) Negative Effects A single school environment denies students representation of the real world where both gender have to coexist. This may instill tendencies of chauvinism or inability to view the world as a place where creations have to live and complement one another. In essence, the application of the lessons learnt may not be very practical since the environment they were taught in and their environment of application differ in several ways (Tully Jacobs, 2010). There are also higher chances of both genders coalescing for destructive purposes. Since they are all at the same age level, they are likely to have more understanding and bonding amongst themselves further raising their chances of easily agreeing to a negative plot (Paton Moore, 2010). It must be understood that students in their formative years have an explorative mind and they may sometimes wan to experiment either well thought objectives or in some case unseen repercussions. This hampers students’ performances since there is the drive of mob psychology. Project Rationale Education affects the general view point of the society on various issues and therefore it is important to know how the various systems of education that exist may impact on the society. This is a study that can as well be of great impact to policy makers in assisting the decision making process that may concern resource distribution. As a student and an aspiring academician, this study would shed light on why one mode of education would be preferable to some peop le and not others, and why there doesn’t exist a universal agreement on the best practices on this subject. Project Aims This project’s main aim will be to:Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Compare the performances of students in mixed schools to that of students in single sex schools in mathematics subject. To find out whether there are notable and major challenges found and /or posed by preference of any of these education systems. Research Questions What are the effects of a coeducational environment on student’s achievement on Mathematics subject? What are the positive and negative results of mixed classes on the students’ performance of mathematics? Literature Review There is quite a substantial amount of material on the subject of coeducation, some of which will no doubt serve as a great resource for this project. The internet will be a key resource tool for this study since there is a sizable amount of data that can be useful in informing this study. Previous studies that have been conducted and preserved in books or journals will also be useful for this study, to provide a historical background of the study. Spielhofer, Benton, and Schagen (20 04) compilation titiled A study of the effects of school size and single sex education in English Shools will be a good source of infromation. Newspaper reviews and insights on this subject may also prove useful to this study and will be used to shed more light on the subject. Although there will be no first-hand data collection, stakeholder’s views that may be expressed in informal sittings or other media will be incorporated. Methodology This study will heavily rely on information available on the backdrop of previous studies. In this regard the research will mainly be conducted from the libraries where books and other material containing the relevant data can be found, such as educational offices where access can be granted. The research will also be dependent on information available on the internet and therefore a substantial amount of time will be spent searching the web. Essentially, books, journals, articles, case studies and internet materials will be sampled from a wide range of scholarly quarters related to the field of study. Once data collection is completed, the research will progress to the data analysis stage where a blend of qualitative and quantitative data analysis will be used to analytically asses and interpret the collected data. References Barmao, A., Bosire, J., Mandoch, H. (2008). Effects of streaming by gender on student achievement in mathematics in secondary schools. South Africa Journal of Education, East Africa Publishers. Francis, B. (2004). Classroom interaction and access. London, United Kingdom: Association of Teachers and Lecturers. Gurian, M., Steven, K. (2004). With boys and girls in mind. Educational Leadership. Henry, J. (2001). Help for the boys helps the girls. Times Educational Supplement. Paton, G., Moore, M. (2010). Girls do better in single sex schools. The Daily Telegraph. Pomerantaz, E., Altermatt, E., Saxon, J. (2002). Making the grade but feeling distressed: gender differences in academic performance and internal distress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 396-404. Sax, L. (2005). Why gender matters. New York: Broadway Books. Spielhofer, T., Benton, T., Schagen, S. (2004). A Study of the effects of school size and Single Sex Education in English Schools. Sullivan, A. (2009). Academic self-concept, gender and single-sex Schooling. British Educational Research- Journal.. Tully, D., Jacobs, B. (2010). Effects of single-gender mathematics classroom on self-perception of mathematical ability and post secondary engineering paths. Australia.

How to Overcome College Student Homesickness

How to Overcome College Student Homesickness Being homesick in college is more common than most students want to admit. With these 5 tips, however, dealing with it can be a little easier. Call home. This may sound like common sense, but it can really help. The key factor, however, is not to call home all of the time. Dont call more than once a day, and keep the conversation positive. But if you miss your friends, family, boyfriend, or girlfriend, giving them a call can sometimes help ease the heartache. Go visit home once. Visiting home can be a great way to recharge yourself and get some of that TLC (not to mention home cooking) that you need. But going home too often can frequently make homesickness worse. Let yourself go home when you need it, but make sure it doesnt turn into an every-weekend occurrence. Go out with your college friends. Sometimes, a night out with your college friends can do wonders for homesickness. It can take your mind off of things back home, can help you relax and have a good time, and can reinforce relationships that will make your school feel like home sometime soon. Call a friend from back home. Chances are that your group of friends sp read out as each of you went to different colleges. And chances are that your group of friends is missing each other. Give a friend from home a call and catch up for a little while. It may do wonders for your homesickness to just touch base for a quick phone call. Get out of your room. Its incredibly easy to hide in your room in college. But doing so prevents you from meeting new people, trying new things, and experiencing college life in general. You didnt go to school to hide in your room, right? Make sure to spend large chunks of your time out of your room even if its just at a campus coffee shop, the quad, or the library and get your mind on other things. You never know what might happen, but you do know that it wont happen if youre alone in your room all the time.

Business Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Administration - Assignment Example Fundamentally, the studying business administration equips learners with the skills to operate businesses in an ethical manner. A number of factors have motivated me to choose to pursue Master of Business Administration in the future. First, the unethical practices, which my previous employers exhibited, influenced me to pursue the degree. The employers did not practice the ethical practices needed in the contemporary business world. Second, working in the warehouse with no chances of career growth motivated to choose the degree. Third, poor pay with no appreciation of my efforts compelled me to explore competitive degrees that can lead to well-paying jobs. Finally, the disrespect from employers and constant termination of job coupled with slow work and insufficient time persuaded me to seek to pursue Master of Business Administration in the future. A master degree in Business Administration will equip me with the knowledge regarding business practices that will facilitate the professional execution of my tasks in the future job to satisfy my employers. Similarly, the degree will place me in an excellent position to secure better jobs with competitive pay. I confidently believe that Master of Business Administration will enable me to attain full career and professional  growth.

Jack Pollock Movie Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jack Pollock Movie Review - Essay Example Occasionally showing a few pieces, Pollock is small beans at this point as he has yet to develop the drip canvas style for which is famous. It also shows Pollock’s trouble with alcohol beginning. It then moves on to Pollock meeting Lee Asner, who would champion his work and could be viewed as the major factor behind his success. Much of the film follows their tumultuous relationship as she recognizes his potential, attempts to help him with his alcohol dependency, and champions his work to people that were able to make him the internationally known artist that he became. The movie unflinchingly shows the darker aspects of Pollock. Never really fully dealing with his alcohol problem, Pollock could be eccentric, manic, and abusive. The movie can seem very loud and overwhelming at times as there were constant fights between Pollock and Asner, but it does take its time on several quiet, contemplative scenes that bring a nice balance to the film. Thankfully, the movie portrays Pollock’s alcoholism as a hindrance to his work. Often times in movies or books, artistic types are portrayed as being creative while they are intoxicated on their substance of choice. Often this can lead people to think that it is necessary to abuse substances in order to be creative, which is rarely the case. It is good to see a film that consciously attempts to realistically show how detrimental alcohol can be to artistic endeavors. There are many aspects of the art world that the film portrays without feeling like an art history lesson. For instance, it portrays an artists need for social connections in order to â€Å"make it† in the art world. Also, near the end after Pollock has become a celebrated artist for his innovative style, it portrays how limited Pollock turned out to be as an artist; many artists have different periods, different styles with which they experiment with throughout their

Devise an online lesson Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Devise an online lesson - Assignment Example This will greatly assist them in understanding and sharing of newly introduced concepts The plan will try to satisfy all the course objectives by helping students to expand their knowledge and grasp such key terminologies as pronunciation, nouns, verbs, tenses adverbs, vocabularies and many more others. The plan will also help the students appreciate English as a language and demystify any stereotypic beliefs surrounding it. The quote will depend on the topic of the day. Most quotes will be drawn from great thinkers like Aristotle, Hobbes and Rousseau. The quotes will help the students focus on the topic of the day and motivate them to complete their assignments within the provided time frame. Students will be instructed on which online methods to use during teaching. Some classes like pronunciation will require computer conferencing while others like tackling assignments will require World Wide Web. The three media above have been chosen because they will increase the speed at which students will converse with their instructor. They will also give them an opportunity to interact among themselves thus creating room form lively forums. Online communication is good because it helps the students open up and tell the instructor what they would have otherwise never said in an open classroom (Anderson, 2008). It also saves time and resources as students will not be required to appear physically in class. By so doing, they will be able to engage in other activities like spending time with their families and attending their jobs without any worry. The methods have also been chosen because of their ability to help students from different cultures interact and appreciate one another’s

Chromatography Technique for Purification

Chromatography Technique for Purification Introduction Column packing is an integral part of the purification process in the manufacture of biologics. The goal is always to ensure reproducibility with regard to the technique to be used. Manual packing might sometimes involve several attempts to get an optimal packing as this would affect the purification process. The resin to be used in the packing process has to be well defined as it could impact on the flow rate which could lead to a reduced through put. The mobile phase is also important as the rationale behind the choice would be looking for a solvent that can pack the resin more tightly. In any chromatography technique that has to be utilised whether for the need to capture, purify or polish four integral parameters which includes, resolution, speed, capacity and recovery are always considered. Resolution is the most difficult to achieve especially during the polishing stage were impurities can be construed as having similar properties to the product. The efficiency of the column packing thus has a significant role to play on this basis as it is a good measure how consistently the column can perform. 1.1 Material: As per SOP 1.2 Key Instrument Components Bubble Trap BT1 Filter Housing F1 Inlet / Outlet Valves V001 V101 UV Sensor – QIR4 pH Probe – QIR3 Conductivity Meter – QIR2 Drain – V102 Column top and bottom connections – DN Â ¼ 1.3 Preparation of column for packing: As per SOP TRG-DSP-052. 1.4 Determination of % slurry: Procedure was followed as per instruction manual Results: Table 1 Results: Table 2 r=5cm h= 15cm 1.178 Volume of gravity settled resin for packing (Vgs) 1.178 x 1.33 1.56674 Slurry volume needed from container (SVc) (To give you the desired amount of gravity settled resin) (c) Vgs x 100 % slurry in container = 1.55574 X 100/66 % Slurry in container = 66% 2.37384 Adjusting the slurry to the desired % concentration for packing Slurry volume required for packing (SVp) Vgs x 100 % slurry for packing = 1.56674 X 100/ 70 % Slurry for packing = 70% 2.2382 Volume packing buffer to add SVp – SVc = 2.2382- 2.37384 -0.13564 Volume to be added is thus 0.13564 Litre Calculations: Number of theoretical = N Where VR = volume eluted from the start of sample application to the peak maximum = 8CM W h = peak width measured as the width of the recorded peak at half of the peak height = 0.5CM N = 5.54 X Â ² Number of theoretical plates = 1418.24 HETP = L/N Where L = Bed height (cm) As we already know N (1418.24) HETP = 15/ 1418.24 = 0.0105765 Asymmetry factor (AS) = b/a Where a = 1st half peak width at 10% of peak height (0.5cm) b = 2nd half peak width at 10% of peak height (0.5cm) = 0.5/0. = 1 As rule of the thumb a good HETP value should be at least two to three times the average matrix bead size and normally in the range of 0.0018cm to 0.035cm. Looking at our column our HETP value was approximately 0.0106 and our bead has a pore size of about 40 microns which equates to 0.004cm and this is about 3 times our HETP. Our column can thus be confirmed to be within the acceptable range. In the event that our column is not within the acceptable range several factors such as the following can be construed as being responsible. Uneven packing of the column or exceeding the optimal packing flow rate The possibility of channelling in the bed Inadequate CIP can also be a factor as this can result in a build-up of contamination in the column thus impacting on flow and other performance determinants of the column. Cleaning is also important to wash the matrix storage solution which is an unwanted entity during packing. Air entrapment prevalence of air bubbles can also affect the HETP values. The possibility of a void being present at the inlet can also be a contributing factor to the value of HETP not being within specification The choice of resin is also very important as the possibility of the solute reacting with the resin can result in an ambiguous HETP value. Peak asymmetry is an important measure in the determination of column efficiency and in conjunction with the HETP value is always used in the calibration of a new or existing column. The gold standard is the ability to achieve an asymmetry value of 1 although the acceptable range is normally between 0.8 and 1.2. An asymmetry value greater than 1 indicates the prevalence of extensive tailing while an asymmetry value less than 1 indicates extensive fronting. Taking our packed column into consideration, our asymmetry value from the chromatogram was 1 and one would generally thus expect a high efficiency and resolution. However, in the event of our column not being within the acceptable asymmetry value the following reason are the possible causes. Extensive tailing which is characterised by an asymmetry value greater than 1 as mentioned earlier can be a reason. This factor is a result of column being packed too loosely and it can be observed from the chromatogram by the peak tailing gradually. Extensive fronting is also a possible cause and it is characterised by an asymmetry factor less than 1 which is normally as a result of the column being packed tightly and would be noticeable on the chromatogram by the peaks developing slowly. Possible causes of resin/column deterioration and their remedies Temperature the resins have a temperature range that is normally specified by the manufacturers and a usually high temperature can cause irreversible damage due to loss of functional groups. It is thus important that operation should always within the optimal ranges and bearing in mind the fact that temperature maxima is only for indication. Oxidation – The functional groups are also attached by oxidation and on this basis one has to ensure that oxidants such as hydrochloric acid , nitric acid are not utilised in the cleaning regime as they can accelerate oxidation which damages the polymer crosslink Fouling apart from impacting on performance of the column can also cause irreversible damage to the resin. Fouling can result due to the presence of iron and silica for this reason special attention has to be paid to the type of resin to be used as prevention they say is better than cure. Drying out and cracking of the resin is also an important reason for column deterioration and this can be remedied by ensuring that the column is well equilibrated. High pressure -The build-up can also cause damage to the resin/column and it could be as a result of flow path restriction due to dirty or worn bed support. Manufacturer’s specification should always be adhered to in ensuring an optimal usage of the resin. The life span of the resin/column should also be taken into account and usage should always be as specified by the manufacturer. Harsh elution is another factor that is responsible for irreversible damages to resin/column. Every resin has a pH range that is optimal and this should be adhered to strictly. Conclusion: The practical experience was so interesting and brought the protein purification lectures received into perspective. A better understanding of the process was developed and the practical knowledge is quite adaptive to the day to day operation in a typical Biopharmaceutical plant.